Vision Statement Ford Motor Companys Mission Statement

Corporation Vision, Mission, and Primary Stakeholder A mission statement addresses the actions that are needed to meet the organizational objectives of a business goal (Thompson, 2015). Ford Motor Company’s current mission statement is about the response to current challenges that company has experienced in dealing with new market risks, such as the American recession and the global financial crisis that started in the late 2000’s (Thompson, 2015a). Ford’s mission statement is â€Å"One Team, One Plan, One Goal (Thompson, 2015a). The company’s mission statement emphasizes teamwork to achieve synergy at Ford (Thompson, 2015a). It is important for Ford to unify all of their organizational stakeholders into one cohesive unit. Ford’s vision statement is â€Å"people working together as a lean, global enterprise for automotive leadership† (Thompson, 2015a). The vision statement emphasizes the company’s global leadership, which is how the firm wants to be recognized as one of the top contenders in the international automotive market (Thompson, 2015a). A company’s mission statement specifies how the firm intends to compete and serve their customers (Hitt, Ireland, Hoskisson, 2013, p.18). The vision and mission provide the foundation for an organization’s strategies (Hitt et al., 2013, p. 18). The company’s objectives should be inspiring and relevant to all their stakeholders (p.18). Ford’s vision statement addresses the concerns of their stakeholders and their ability to enhance the firm’sShow MoreRelatedFord Motor Company The Song Comes1637 Words   |  7 PagesWhen I think of Ford Motor Company the song comes in my mind, Mustang Sally, think you better slow your mustang down, you been running all over the town now, I guess I have to put your flat feet on the ground, all you want to do is ride around Sally, ride, Sally, ride. A good looking man is driven a red convertible mustang with a woman riding on the passenger side with a white scarf on her head as well as the lady is wearing a red satin t op along with having on plan make-up with candy apple red lipstickRead MoreCompany Overview Of Ford Motor Company1608 Words   |  7 PagesCompany Overview Ford Motor Company is a public corporation that began its operations in 1903. The company designs, develops, manufactures, and services cars and trucks across six continents. Furthermore, it divides its work between two main segments – an Automotive Segment and a Financial Services Segment. The Automotive Segment is in charge of marketing its products through worldwide retailers and distributors, as well as selling them to dealers or fleet customers. This sector also provides retailRead MoreCase Study : Ford Motor Company1340 Words   |  6 PagesHenry Ford opened his first factory, Ford Motor Company has been changing the automotive industry all across the world. 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Fashion -a Person Free Essays

Para -â€Å"Fashion† meaner the prevailing mode in such things as are subject to change in form or style, as in ornament and etiquette, and especially in dress in the dictionary. -It has spread in all the spheres of our life. -The craze for fashion is great among young people all over the world. We will write a custom essay sample on Fashion: -a Person or any similar topic only for you Order Now Para -l agree with the girl on the right. -A person should be dressed in clothes that suit him or her. – A person should not lose his or her personality, deny the comfort and waste money on these well- designed products of one’s imagination. Clothes are put on to help one look presentable. -People should not follow fashion blindly because it might not reflect our personality. -Moreover, the fashion designers created their clothes for certain people, so it cannot suit everyone. -Ones should choose the most comfortable clothing on their own, because only they know what is the most suitable and convenient for them. Para -Malaysia is a country without four seasons. -Malaysia’s weather is always hot. -Thick and woolen clothes are not suitable for our climate. We must choose our clothing properly because certain clothes are against our culture or tradition. -Some people may misunderstood and feel that we did not respect them. -We should not wear clothes that are too sexy. Para -Certain clothes are not suitable for the ordinary person because they are special designed for celebrities. -Certain clothes will look exaggerate on us. -Sometimes,we will even being laugh by others . Para 5 – Economically, fashion trends valued by high price. A person that follow fashion has to spend a lot of money buying new clothes as fashion changed everyday. – It is reasonless because for the same amount of one can buy a tremendous lot of clothes which are likely to help to express his personality. – Hence,a person should not pay such a high price to follow the fashion. Para -As a conclusion,we should wear clothes that suit oneself because it risk a lot as we will lost a lot of money and we will lose our own personality if we follow fashion blindly. Fashion: -a Person By Berries How to cite Fashion: -a Person, Essays

Professional Skills for System Analysis International Business Machin

Question: Discuss about theProfessional Skills for System Analysis for International Business Machines Corporation. Answer: Introduction Willowbrook School is a small and private school in the Midwest United States. The IT Consultant of the school recommends implementing a new computer information system to handle both financial as well as administration works. It increases the enrollment applications of the programs. Due to increase in students application, coupling with increasing demand for the after school care leads to increase in high workload over the staffs as well as administrative staffs. For this reason, the Director, Victoria Owens discusses with the IT consultant about the possibility to set up a computer system to reduce the workload. The report is based on eight parts. It gives the justification of the system design architecture for Willowbrook School. The report reflects on physical as well as logical network topology. A list of hardware for the designed network topologies is given to become familiar with the used hardware for the new information system. A system design specification document is analyzed to identify the goal and purpose of the system design report. An application development methodology is discussed for the Willowbrook School. Testing plan is given to test the systems requirements for the school. The training plan is given to training the staffs, teachers as well as volunteers based on the needs of the users groups. Data conversion as well as system changeover method is developed for successfully implement the system for the school. Architecture for Willowbrook School Proposed System Architecture Figure 1: System Architecture for Willowbrook School (Source: Chernyi 2015, pp-62) Justification on the System Architecture The architecture of the Willowbrook School information system is proposed as client based server architecture. The client server architecture of the school consists of a network architecture in which each of the computers on the network is either client or server. Using this server, the client computer can send resources request to the server over the network connection, when the resources are delivered to the client (Chernyi 2015). The client sets up a connection to the server over the local area network such as an internet. A three-tier architecture is suggested as the best option for the school. It has three tiers such as presentation, application, and data tier. Firstly, the presentation tier engages the top level as well as shows the information related to the service (Power, Sharda and Burstein 2015). It converses with the other layers by sending results to the browser. Secondly, the application tier controls the application functionality by performing a processing (Venkatesh, Thong and Xu 2012). Thirdly, the data tier houses the database servers where the information is stored. Data are kept independent of the application servers. Advantages and Disadvantages of the Proposed System Architecture Advantages Disadvantages Using the client server architecture, Willowbrook School will increase their productivity throughout the use of cost-effective user interfaces, enhancing the data storage as well as consistent application services (Devine, Shifrin and Shoulberg 2015). Due to a huge number of client's request, the servers are getting overloaded, and it forms traffic congestion. Use of SQL supports open access from the client, as well as gives transparency within the network services, represent that comparable data are shared among the users. As the client based server is centralized, therefore if the server fails then the client requests are not proficient (Dennis, Wixom and Tegarden 2015). Client server has better control access to make certain that only authorized person can access the data, as well as server updates, are to be controlled professionally (Chang et al. 2015). The server is quite expensive to purchase. The software, as well as hardware used for the server, is very critical. Specific hardware, as well as software, is used, and it results in increasing the cost. Cost Benefits Issues The issues regarding the cost benefit are to reduce the load on the network as well as make changes in the response time from the service provider side (Mithas et al. 2012). Willowbrook School needs an expansion in their information system network. Physical and logical topology Physical Topology Figure 2: Physical Bus Topology (Source: Oluwatosin 2014, pp-67) The physical bus topology consists of computers as well as servers that are associated to a single cable with the assist of interface connectors. The central cable is the backbone of the network (Oluwatosin 2014). Each of the workstations is communicated with other device by means of a bus. A signal from the source is broadcasted, and it travels to the workstations associated with the bus cable. A terminator is connected to prevent the bouncing of signals. Logical Topology Figure 3: Logical Bus Topology (Source: Oluwatosin 2014, pp-67) The LAN that eliminates a logical bus topology delivers the signal generated by the transmitter towards the attached devices (Oluwatosin 2014). Within this network topology, none of the end devices is required in order to regenerate signal for other attached devices in order to receive it. It is the method that the data are passed throughout the network from one of the devices to the other based on the physical interconnection of the devices. Ethernet is reflected as the logical bus topology for the particular proposed system. List of Hardware for Designing the Topologies Web Server Database Server CPU and RAM Router Access point to connect with the internet Application Server Network Hardware System Design Specification Document Project Scope The scope of the project is that the Willowbrook School includes the ability to increase the enrollment of the student without hiring of any extra staffs. The new information system tracks the enrollments, aftercare billing as well as payments. The proposed system monitors the process of tracking, reviewing the cost as well as reporting (Schwalbe 2015). The system can individually track the billing details of the individual students. System Design The resources used to implement the new information system are Web Server, Database Server, CPU and RAM, Router, Access point to connect with the internet, Application Server and Network Hardware. The new information system is proposed as client based server architecture (Vaishnavi and Kuechler 2015). A three-tier architecture is suggested as the best option for the school. Component and Process Design At first, the user is identified when they give their ID login details. Only the registered user can login into the system (Reynolds 2015). The user can connect the client server and then the registered user can authenticate throughout the token. After getting proper username and password, the server allows the users to use the system for financial and administration tasks (Haimes 2015). The user should use an internet connection to access the system. As the system stores the data of the students, therefore it is required to use server authentication to prevent the data from any unauthorized use. SQL database is used that supports open access from the client, as well as gives transparency within the network services, represent that comparable data are shared amongst the users (Dingsoyr et al. 2012). Data Design The data are at first use the direct cutover method but due to some problems, it uses the phrased operation method for aftercare billing (Power, Sharda and Burstein 2015). User Displays The users conducted those are involved with the implementation of the system are administrative staffs, principal, vice principal, teachers, students, and parents. Prototype Description Prototype 1 It allows the staffs to log in to the Willowbrook School using a user name, employee number as well as password. An essential employee login will view all the information of the student. Prototype 2 It allows the parents to log in to the Willowbrook School using username, student number as well as the password (Hwang, Kettinger and Mun 2015). An essential employee login will view all the information of the student. After the login, the parent clicks on the information of the student; they can able to view the address as well as a phone number of the student. System Development and Project Management Schedules After the set up of the architectural design phase for the system, some of its system specifications areas are updated such as detailed design, prototype testing phrase (Olsson, Bosch and Alahyari 2013). Therefore, it requires more time to complete the implementation task of the new information system for Willowbrook School. Project Extensions It takes extra four weeks to complete the entire implementation process of the system. Application Development Methodology The application development methodology is used to plan as well as control the process of developing the new information system. For the Willowbrook School, Agile Software Development Methodology is used to minimize the risks within the school by developing new information system (Givoni et al. 2013). This method emphasizes real time communication as well as overwritten documents. Using this methodology, the school can build small client approved as well as deliver large application at the end of the implementation process. Advantages and Disadvantages of Various Application Development Methodologies Structured Approach Object Oriented Approach Agile Methodology Advantages Disadvantages Advantages Disadvantages Advantages Disadvantages It minimizes the complexity of the new proposed system (Valacich, George and Hoffer 2015). It takes a lot of time as well as finance to analyze the new information system. It reduces the maintenance cost. This approach is best suited for the interactive as well as dynamic environment (Park and Sabir 2015). The information system applications such as payroll, accounting are not benefited from this approach. The needs of the resources for this methodology are minimum. There are some issues regarding the maintenance of the system. It gives future direction towards the system. Changes within the system take more time to analyze (Chernyi 2015). It gives a high level of the flexible system as the objects are to be accessed dynamically. The development of the object oriented approach is not done by all the vendors (Nelson 2013). It delivers the development process within the estimated timeline in a proper manner (Dillon 2014). It requires documentation generation as it has a high level of dependency among the individuals. It focuses on the logical system to perform the task. Staffs are required to give training when there are any changes in the system. The objects are provided with a roadmap when the application is scalable. As this approach is using complex data types, therefore it is difficult to implement. It gives teamwork with proper training to the staffs to train about handing the information system. This methodology is not able to handle compound dependencies. Testing Plan for Suitable Data Set Types of testing Description of testing for suitable data set System Testing System Testing is done to verify the login, verify the close registration, and maintain the information of the student as well as a professor. It also verifies the view report, register for the courses and selection of courses to teach (Paroni, Geremia and Valeri 2016). The system error results into logged off the system. Therefore, the fatal system errors result in shutdown of the system. User Interface Testing It verifies the navigation through a sample set of screens that conforms to GUI standards. The system can easy to use as well as accurate for the target market of the students as well as teachers (Devine, Shifrin and Shoulberg 2013). Performance Testing It verifies the response time in order to access the finance system and for submittal of registration for courses. Security and Access Control Testing It verifies the login from the local PC and verifies the username as well as password mechanism. Configuration Testing It checks for the configuration that if the client component of the system is configured properly with the network (Artzi et al. 2013). As the integrated system is functional, therefore the proposed system is to be tested based on its new operating system, network as well as PCs. Training Plan and Procedures Based on users Group Needs After the testing of the new information system, the staffs, teachers as well as other management members required training so that they can handle the system properly. The following are the user groups those are required to train on the new system as follows: Teachers of the Willowbrook School: The teachers are required to train as they teach the students and play a vital role in the school. The training topics those are required to consider are startup and shutdown the information system (Oluwatosin 2014). The teachers are required to use the system, as they require functioning the system. Therefore, they are also trained to fix the issue as well as troubleshooting. Staffs of Administrative Department: The principal of the Willowbrook School, Kathy and the vice principal, Susan requires to train on the entire system. They are the essential administrative staffs for the school (Chang et al. 2015). If they are trained on the system, then they can give best customer support before they call to get the service support. The training topics those are covered include preparation of documents and administrative reports; enter the details of the teachers and staffs, requesting enhancement as well as user training. Volunteers: The school requires volunteers so that they can work on the event of fundraising. Therefore, they are trained to fundraise for the system. The topic includes how to motivate the individuals to give fund for the school, how to convince the individuals, what to say and how to collect the fund (Devine, Shifrin and Shoulberg 2015). Those volunteers are trained by both the essential staffs of the school such as principal as well as vice principal. Data Conversion and System Changeover Method Data Conversion for Willowbrook School System In the existing process of data entry, the Willowbrook School uses a spreadsheet as well as word to enter the data. After the implementation of the proposed system, the data are required to export into the new information system (Sinha and Isaac 2015). At first, the data of the students such as the name of the student, their contact details, etc., and then the monthly billing of the student is done. After entering the billing, data for the parents, block as well as total attendance of the student is done. The following is the data conversion table to store the data of the students: Data Entry Order 1 2 3 4 5 Information of the Student Name of the Student Student ID Address of the house Contact Details of the student Total course fee of the student Billing System Name of the Student Student ID Number of days late Date of paying the fee Bill dates Information of the parent and address Information of the student Name of the parents Address of the house Contact Number Block Information of the student Year Student Number Total attendance of the particular student Name of the Student Student ID Block ID Total number of days present Total number of days absent System Changeover Method According to the billing process of Willowbrook School, their fixed fee billing process should complete within the month of April, and a new session will begin in the month of July. However, their aftercare billing process does not end up in the second week of the month of June. Within this period, the systems are required to install such as within a month or half of it. The school takes the decision to use the direct cutover method around their academic year. Using the direct cutover method, the old system of the school is cut as well as it is overwriting by a new information system (Dennis, Wixom and Tegarden 2015). It causes the changeover from the old system to a new system when the new system becomes operational. However, the school identifies that this method involves a high risk of loss of data. With the use of this method, the company is unable to change the old system as a backup option. Due to this reason, the IT Consultant recommends the phased operation to us. Phased operation process is working into various phrases. The implementation of the new system is done into modules. The entire system is provided to the some of the authorized users. As the previous approach faces risks, therefore the phrased operation reduces errors as well as failures to the implemented module. This phrased operation is also less expensive. The phased operation for the Willowbrook School consists of two phases such as billing and system. In the billing phase, the financial works are done. It starts at the month of April; it is installed within one, and half months before the aftercare billing process is completed. The system phase allows a timeframe of one and half month to do the functional billing, testing of the entire system, etc. Conclusion It is concluded that the IT Consultant of the Willowbrook School recommends the requirement of client server architecture for their school. The architecture should be three-tier so that it can easily handle the administrative as well as financial functions. The new information system tracks the enrollments, aftercare billing as well as payments. The proposed system monitors the process of tracking, reviewing the cost as well as reporting. As an application development methodology, Agile methodology is used as it delivers the development process within the estimated timeline in a proper manner. As the changeover process, phase operation is used in order to install the new information system for the school. Various types of testing are done such as system, user-interface, performance, security and access control as well as configuration testing to completely implement the system for the school. After the testing of the system, the staffs of the administrative department, teachers as well as volunteers are required to train so that they can handle the entire system efficiently. Data conversion is required as previously the administrative department uses a spreadsheet as well as word to enter the details of the students. References Artzi, S., Dolby, J., Pistoia, M., Tip, F. and Tripp, O., International Business Machines Corporation, 2013.Detecting and localizing security vulnerabilities in client-server application. U.S. Patent 8,516,449. Chang, J., Faraboschi, P. and Ranganathan, P., Chang and Jichuan, 2015.Vertically-Tiered Client-Server Architecture. U.S. Patent 20,150,350,381. Chernyi, S., 2015. The implementation of technology of multi-user client-server applications for systems of decision making support.Metallurgical and Mining Industry,3, pp.60-65. Dennis, A., Wixom, B.H. and Tegarden, D., 2015.Systems analysis and design: An object-oriented approach with UML. John Wiley Sons. Devine, C.Y., Shifrin, G.A. and Shoulberg, R.W., Verizon Business Global Llc, 2013.Secure server architecture for web based data management. U.S. Patent 8,495,724. Devine, C.Y., Shifrin, G.A. and Shoulberg, R.W., Verizon Patent and Licensing Inc., 2015.Secure server architecture for web based data management. U.S. Patent 8,935,772. Dillon, D.M., Dillon Software Services, Llc, 2014.Data store interface that facilitates distribution of application functionality across a multi-tier client-server architecture. U.S. Patent 8,676,808. Dingsoyr, T., Nerur, S., Balijepally, V. and Moe, N.B., 2012. A decade of agile methodologies: Towards explaining agile software development.Journal of Systems and Software,85(6), pp.1213-1221. Givoni, E., Ravitz, N., Ravitz, Z., Nguyen, T.Q. and Nguyen, T., Smartesoft, Inc., 2013.Automated software testing and validation system. U.S. Patent 8,347,267. Haimes, Y.Y. ed., 2015.Risk modeling, assessment, and management. John Wiley Sons. Hwang, Y., Kettinger, W.J. and Mun, Y.Y., 2015. Personal information management effectiveness of knowledge workers: conceptual development and empirical validation.European Journal of Information Systems,24(6), pp.588-606. Mithas, S., Tafti, A.R., Bardhan, I. and Goh, J.M., 2012. Information technology and firm profitability: mechanisms and empirical evidence.Mis Quarterly,36(1), pp.205-224. Nelson, D., 2013. Next gen web architecture for the cloud era.Saturn. Olsson, H.H., Bosch, J. and Alahyari, H., 2013. Towards RD as innovation experiment systems: A framework for moving beyond Agile software development. InProceedings of the IASTED(pp. 798-805). Oluwatosin, H.S., 2014. Client-server model.IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE),16(1), p.67. Park, Y. and Sabir, K.S., International Business Machines Corporation, 2015.Stream processing using a client-server architecture. U.S. Patent 9,043,382. Paroni, A., Geremia, P. and Valeri, S., 2016. Introducing a new Client-Server framework for large CFD models. Power, D.J., Sharda, R. and Burstein, F., 2015.Decision support systems. John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Reynolds, G., 2015.Information technology for managers. Nelson Education. Schwalbe, K., 2015.Information technology project management. Cengage Learning. Sinha, A. and Isaac, R.K., 2015. A Compressed Technique to Optimize the Processing of Real Time Data in Centralized and Client-Server Data Base Systems.International Journal of Computer Applications,115(9). Vaishnavi, V.K. and Kuechler, W., 2015.Design science research methods and patterns: innovating information and communication technology. Crc Press. Valacich, J.S., George, J.F. and Hoffer, J.A., 2015.Essentials of systems analysis and design. Pearson Education. Venkatesh, V., Thong, J.Y. and Xu, X., 2012. Consumer acceptance and use of information technology: extending the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology.MIS quarterly,36(1), pp.157-178.

Policies In Vietnam Essays - Politics Of Vietnam, Asia, Vietnam

Policies In Vietnam Lyndon B. Johnson had a vision of A Great Society for the American people and fellow men everywhere. In his first years of office, he obtained one of the most extensive legislative programs in the history of the Nation. Maintaining collective security, he carried on the increasing struggle to fight Communist encroachment in Vietnam. During President Johnson's term, two crises had been gaining momentum since 1965. The first was the unrest and rioting in black ghettos that troubled the nation. The second crisis was trying to prevent North Vietnam from taking over South Vietnam, preventing the spread of communism. The United States and Vietnam have had relationships (not always direct, but through the French) since the early 1940's. A brief background of US involvement in Vietnam will be given in order to understand how Johnson got involved in Vietnam, but first a look at the geography of Vietnam. Geography Vietnam covers an area of 329, 600 square kilometers and stretches around 100,000 square kilometers from North to South. The Annamite Mountain Range connects the North and South. To the north of Vietnam is China; to the west is Cambodia and Laos. The location made the United States be very careful when using military because it did not want to start a World War III with China who was supporting the North Vietnamese. Vietnam is a little smaller than the newly united Germany. History of United States Involvement The French used to have a colony rule over Indochina, which consisted of Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos. During World War II, France fell to the Germans and in return, the Asian French colony was turned over to Japan. At this time, the Vietnamese turned from being anti-French to anti-Japan. The United States started aiding various groups in Vietnam, so that they could battle the Japanese. The United States even aided the nationalist group, led by communist Ho Chi Minh. After World War II, the French returned to take over its colony, but in December 1946, found itself battling the Vietminh. France requested aid from the United States, so that it could win the battle against the Vietminh. The United States was not too sure at first, until Intelligence proved that the Communist Ho Chi Minh was becoming very popular. The United States immediately increased its aid to France to try to prevent the communist from spreading. The French were to set up a regime with Bao Dei, from the Vietnamese royal family. The United States sided with Bao Dei's claim as the regime, especially after the fall of China. Around 1954, the United States was paying 80% of the French military cost in Vietnam. The French decided to use a fortress to try and get the communist to use a large number of it's troops to attack the fortress, but it was easily over come by the communist and the French surrendered. May 1954 was the end of the French role in Indochina. May-June 1954 was the Geneva Accords where the major powers were to come to an agreement on Indochina. The agreement was a temporary one that divided Vietnam at the seventeenth parallel with a demilitarized zone between the two areas. The North would be the Vietminh or the communist and the South would be the Bao Dei regime. No side could come to agreements involving foreign policy nor accept foreign troops on their soil, until after two years when elections were to be held, scheduled for July 1956. At this time, the permanent government of Vietnam would be determined. Ngo Dinh Diem became a political leader in the South and was pro-Western. Diem announced that the division of Vietnam into two nations would remain and there would be no elections. In rigged elections, Diem emerged victorious over Bao Dei. The United States backed Diem because he promised to make reforms. Diem in the end had no plans of ever having free elections again. Although Diem never made any of his promised reforms, President Eisenhower backed Diem's regime. Eisenhower sent 1,500 advisors to South Vietnam by the end of his administration in order to help make sure South Vietnam was safe. At this time, Ho Chi Minh came to an economic agreement with the

Yitzhak Rabin - An Israeli Her essays

Yitzhak Rabin - An Israeli Her essays In his life and in his death Rabin was hero. Throughout his life and deeds he showed courage, determination, morality and devotion to the Israeli people and country. If we went over his life stages we would see that him being a symbol was not for nothing. In every stage we can see an act or a deed of heroism. Rabin was one of the first people who had joined the Palmach which was established in 1940. By doing this he showed the spirit of volunteering and his contributing to others and to the country. Soon he became a successful commander of the Harel corps where he led the battles for freeing Jerusalem in 1948. In these tough and hard fighting he played a major role and led to victory. Although many of his friends where killed he has not lost hope and joined the teams who talked about the firebreak agreements. Later on he wrote about those days: I felt in my heart a deep feeling of moral responsibility towards the warriors whom by their courage blocked with their bodies the enemy from coming.... Rabin, who risked his life in the battles, has never thought about himself but on the people who fought beside him. He then made a personal swear to devote his life to ensure that Israel would never be caught unprepared to foreign aggressiveness. The service in the Israeli Defense Forces is one of the most important values in the Israeli culture. Rabin is a model for many people who served and are still serving in the army. After the Independence war he stayed in the army for many more years and promoted to the head of the Operations Department and to the Chief of Staff second in command. In those years he has made a huge contribution for shaping the army structure, training methods and relationships with other armies. After that he was nominated to be the Chief of Staff of the IDF the highest position one can achieve in the army. Most of his activities were ...

Using Spanish Gerunds Without an Auxiliary Verb

Using Spanish Gerunds Without an Auxiliary Verb Although the Spanish verbal present participle or gerund - that is, the form of the verb that ends in -ando or -iendo - is most commonly used with estar and a few other verbs to form what are known as the progressive verb forms, it can also be used by itself (without an auxiliary verb) to indicate that something is being done or occurring while something else is occurring. In most such cases, the present participle can still be translated using the English -ing form of the verb. There are several ways in which sentences using the gerund can be translated or thought of in English. One common way is for it to be used as the equivalent of the English while followed by an -ing verb: Here are some examples: Llorà © escuchando tu voz. I cried while listening to your voice. Ganaron cinco partidos, perdiendo trece. They won five matches while losing 13.  ¿Soy la à ºnica en este planeta que se durmià ³ viendo El silencio de los inocentes? Am I the only person on this planet who fell asleep while watching The Silence of the Lambs? Los participantes comenzaron el estudio comiendo una dieta americana. The participants began the study while eating an American diet. Note that in most of the above English translations, the word while can be omitted with little or no change in meaning. In some cases (including some of the above examples, depending on how theyre interpreted), the gerund is used much like an adverb to describe how the action of the main verb is carried out: Mi amiga salià ³ corriendo. My friend left running. Finalmente se fue sonriendo. Finally he went away laughing. Sà ³lo compraron Nescafà ©, ignorando el resto de las marcas. They only bought Nescafà ©, ignoring the other brands. When the gerund is used to describe how something is done, it can often be translated using the English preposition by: Usted puede darles el mejor comienzo a sus bebà ©s teniendo un buen cuidado de usted. You can give your babies the best beginning by taking good care of yourself. Podemos ahorrar tiempo usando la bicicleta. We can save time by using the bicycle. Estudiando mucho, tendremos à ©xito. By studying hard, we will be successful. Often, in the English translation, the word by can be omitted with little or no change in meaning, as in the second example above. Note that while it is sometimes done in imitation of English, as in news headlines, it is not standard Spanish to use the gerund to affect the meaning of a noun. You would not use fumando, for example, to talk about the smoking man. Normally, youd use phrase such as el hombre que fuma. In effect, the Spanish gerund fulfills the function of an adverb, while the English gerund can take the role of an adjective.

Do you think it is advantageous for both the union and management to Essay

Do you think it is advantageous for both the union and management to remain flexible during collective bargaining negotiations - Essay Example Whenever there is a collective bargaining negotiation, the employees’ representatives usually take a broad step and approach the employer or the management in an effort to negotiate a deal on behalf of the employees in which both sides (employer and employees) have a take and can come to an agreement. Some of the common employees-employer issues include wages and salaries, the general working conditions, the rules and regulations that govern their activities and practices, the benefits accrued to them among other issues (Wise geek 2010). This piece of work looks into the relationships between the workers unions and the management or employer with much emphasis being given to the flexibility and rigidity of both the union and the management during collective bargaining negotiations and the benefits and problems accrued to either the flexibility or rigidity of either party. Various organizational examples will be used to justify some of the arguments related to collective bargai ning. Rise of Collective Bargaining Howell (1992) asserts that Collective bargaining is a concept that can be traced towards the end of the nineteenth century when most workers were now aware of their rights and hence they had the urge to demand for more rights related to their positions in the work places. They were able to recognize that they were involved in the success of the organizations and therefore they had to be treated well. It is then that most skilled personnel could use their skills and knowledge as the basis of bargaining in an effort to make the employers fulfil their workplace needs. Before, people were aware of the collective bargaining negotiations, they would engage in aspects like demonstrations, strikes and sheer numbers to air their issues and problems to the management until some labour pioneers came up and established a system that facilitated collective bargaining such that the negotiations between the employees and the employers could now run smoothly in a n organized manner and better solutions would be attained. Collective bargaining acts as a means of improving the terms and conditions of trade unions and also restores the unequal bargaining position that may exist between employer and employees. It is however important to note that although the collective bargaining negotiations usually result in a conclusion they do not always lead to a collective agreement. The process of collective bargaining entails various steps for example preparation which entails composition of a negotiation team from both sides, discussion of the rules and regulations to govern the negotiations, proposal which entails bringing forth of various views and embracing aspects of brainstorming, the bargaining process and finally the settlement where the parties come to a conclusion (Industrial Relations 2007). The above chart shows clearly the general aspects that are contained in the process of collective bargaining (MetaPress 1997). Reasons and consequences o f rigidity in collective bargaining negotiations According to Franz and Feiffer (2006), there are various reasons and consequences that are associated with rigidity in the collective bargaining negotiations irrespective of the party that is rigid. The employment condition that is of focus here is the wage rigidity which seems to affect most employees as they feel that they are being oppressed

Management Challenges by HRM managers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Management Challenges by HRM managers - Essay Example This paper illustrates that for the past four or five decades, the competition in the market has reached its intense possible levels. The market is becoming a ruthless place where there is no room for mistakes. Increased customer awareness, technological advances, globalization, ethical concerns, new competitors, and many other factors made life a tough job for many firms. In this scenario, they had no choice but to find ways through which they can possibly reduce their costs and increase their productivity at the same time. This started a new revolution in the field of management that asked managers to increase the productivity of their employees make sure that they work to their full potential in an effective and efficient manner. â€Å"High-performance working† and â€Å"performance management† are the products of this same ideology. The rest of this paper focuses on how human resource managers can implement â€Å"high performance working† in their company. Th ere has been a lot of research on this topic and tons of data is available in this regard. Moreover, high-performance working has several possible dimensions. This paper focuses only on a few those that are vital factors in the eyes most of the authorities. Employee motivation is one of the foremost sources of increasing employee productivity. It is quite understandable that highly motivated employees in most of the cases are the highly productive ones. Google has been bearing enormous costs for motivating its 19,865 employees. Insurances, chefs, sick leaves, parental leaves, transport facility, tuition reimbursements, on-site facilitates of a gym, saloons, car wash, saloons, swimming pools and many more are just a few to mention. By doing all this, Google has just one thing in mind, employee satisfaction. Google’s HR people seem to understand and have full faith in the fact that â€Å"employee satisfaction is the prerequisite of customers satisfaction†.

Internal Control Essay Example for Free

Internal Control Essay 1. Inform the President of any new internal control requirements if the company decides to go public.  As per the accident that happened in the company about some employees was viewing pornography on company computer and he had a hard time to get his employees admitted that they were the one who doing it. He should use limit access by individual passwords for each person to log in the computer systems. To make sure that which person was log on in the computer and do bad thing during that period. 2. Advise the President of what the company is doing right (they are doing some things well) and also recommend to the President whether or not they should buy the indelible ink machine. When your advice the President, please be sure to reference the applicable internal control principle that applies. From the passage that the accountant has recently started using prenumbered invoices following by the principle of internet control activities. Please find the Documentation Procedures passage below. From the passage, the president wants to buy an indelible ink machine to print their checks. In my opinion, I would like to recommend that he should buy an indelible ink machine following by the principle of internal control activities. Please find the Physical Controls passage below. Principles of internal control activities Documentation Procedures Companies should establish procures for documents. First, whenever possible, companies should use prenumbered documents, and all documents should be account for. Prenumbering helps to prevent a transaction from being recorded more than once, or conversely, from not bring recorded at all. Second, the control system shown that employees should promptly forward source documents for accounting entries to the accounting entries to the accounting  department. This control measure helps to ensure timely recording of the transaction and contributes directly to the accuracy and reliability of the accounting record. Require use prenumbered checks and account for them in sequence; each check must have an approved invoice; require employees to use corporate credit cards for reimbursable expenses; stamp invoices â€Å"paid†. Physical Controls Store blank checks in safes, with limited access; print check amounts by machine in indelible ink. 3. Advise the President of what the company is doing wrong (they are definitely doing some things poorly). Please be sure to include the internal control principle that is being violated along with a recommendation for improvement. Following from the passage that they have one accountant who serves as Treasurer and Controller which streamlines many of their processes. In this dual role, he purchases all of the supplies and pays for these purchases. He also recieves the checks and completes the monthly bank recommendation. The accountant is so busy that the company handels pretty cash a bit differently. He should asign duties to more than one person not only one because it hard for one person to control and serves as treasurer and controller in the same time. Following by Principles of internal control activities. Please find Segregation of Duties and Establishment of Responsibility passage below. From the following passage that all employees have access to the petty cash in a desk drawer and are asked to only place a note if they use any of the cash. In my opinion, he should limit access to the petty cash in a desk drawer, only one person could have responsible for the petty cash. Following by Principles of internal control activities. Please see the Establishment of Responsibility passage below. Principles of internal control activities Segregation of Duties Different individuals approve and make payments; check singers do not record disbursements Segregation of duties is indispensable in an internal control system. There are two common applications of this principle: 1. Different individuals should be responsible for related activities. 2. The responsibility for record-keeping for an asset should be separate from the physical custody of that asset. The rational for segregation of duties is this: The work of one employee should, without a duplication of effort, provide a reliable basis for evaluating the work of another employee. Segregation of related activities making one individual responsible for related activities increases the potential for errors and irregularities. Establishment of Responsibility An essential principle of international control is to assign responsibility to specific employees. Control is most effective when only one person is responsible for given task. Establishing responsibility often requires limiting access only to authorized personnel, and then identifying those personnel. Only designated personnel are authorized to sign checks (treasurer) and approve vendors. Compare checks to invoices; reconcile bank statement monthly

Epic of Beowulf Essay - Symbols and Symbolism of Battle :: Epic Beowulf essays

Symbolism of Battle in Beowulf     Beowulf   Authors often use events and things to symbolize stages in someone's life. Symbolism is the practice of representing things by means of symbols or of attributing meaning of significance to objects, events, or relationships. In the anonymous epic, Beowulf, Beowulf fights Grendel, the monsters of the ocean and Grendel's mother. Beowulf's battles with theses three evils symbolize the youth and adulthood of Beowulf's life. The battle with Grendel represents the youth of Beowulf's life. The typical youth is very brave and fights for fame. Beowulf shows how the battle with Grendel is a representation of the youth of Beowulf's life by going to Hrothgar and asking him if he can fight Grendel for him and his people. Beowulf shows this trait when he says, Grant me, then, lord and protector of this noble place, a single request! I have come so far, oh shelter of warriors and your people's loved friend, that this one favor you should not refuse me. That I, alone and with the help of my men, may purge all evil from this Hell. (Beowulf page #). Another trait that a typical youth has is that they don't want to be outwitted. They also don't want people to think poorly of them. Beowulf shows this when he hears that Grendel does not use any weapons to fight and so Beowulf says that he will not use any weapons because he wants Higlac to think worthy of him. Beowulf shows this trait when he says, I have heard, too, that the monster's scorn of men is so great that he needs no weapons and fears none. Now will I. My lord Higlac might think less of me if I let my sword go where my feet were afraid to, if I hid behind some broad linden shield: my hands alone shall fight for me, struggle for life against the monster (Beowulf page #).   The typical youth likes to brag about what they have done. Beowulf shows this third trait when he brags to Hrothgar about how he swam all the way over and killed all the monsters in the ocean. This is seen when Beowulf says, "I swam in the Blackness of night, hunting monsters out of the ocean, and killing them one by one; death was my errand and the fate they had earned" (Beowulf page #).

Cal by Bernard Mac Laverty †Critical Evaluation Essay

â€Å"Cal† is a romantic-tragedy novel written by the Irish author, Bernard Mac Laverty. It is a fiction story about a young man living in Northern Ireland during the troubles of the 1970s. The writer conveys a number of significant themes through skilful writing and the novel’s plot, such as guilt, hypocrisy and bigotry. In this essay, I will be focusing on the themes of the story, the purpose of why the novel was written and the author’s use of imagery to enhance his writing. The events of this story take place in Northern Ireland in the 1970’s. During the period of time in which this story is set in, Northern Ireland was going through what we would now refer to as being â€Å"The Troubles†. This was a period of conflict involving republican and loyalist paramilitary organisations and included conflicts and violence. â€Å"Cal† is about a young adult named Cal who is living in Northeren Ireland at this time. He is a Catholic living in a Protestant area with his father, Shamie. This leads to him being the victom of many bigotry driven attacks, such as his house being burnt down and to him being insulted on his own street. He starts to fall in love with a woman named Marcella, which, from the very beginning, is a doomed relationship. This is because a year earlier Cal was reluctantly involved in the murder of a Protestant policeman, who was, in fact, Marcella’s husband. Cal becomes closer and closer to Marcella as the novel goes on, and you find out more about the murder as the plot develops. He then lands himself a job at Mrs. Mortons farm, the mother of Marcella’s husband, Robert. This brings him even closer to Marcella and they start to have a relationship with each other. This relationship becomes even more intense when Cal is offered to stay in Mrs. Morton’s outhouse (as his house had been burnt down). He is then arrested at the end of the novel, for the murder of Robert. The ending of the story was very skilfully done. Near the end of the story, Mac Laverty builds up massive tension through certain events in the plot. It is then all concluded in a small, yet effective, paragraph. It tells us enough information to feel satifsfied, yet wanting to know more. It leaves key questions in the reader’s mind such as whether he deserved it or not and what will be his fate. I believe that the plot is a very important aspect of the story as it develops the mood and atmosphere and it is the events which take place which allow the themes to be conveyed. All the characters in â€Å"Cal† have complicated lifes. Most of them have good and bad sides and are all affected in different ways by the troubles. Cal is nineteen years old. He lives with his father and he is a Catholic. He is caught up with the IRA (Irish Republican Party) and takes part in a number of crimes which he does not want to be part of. After he joined, he had to do what they asked, such as when Cal thinks of the things the IRA do: â€Å"They shoot deserters – even deserters who protested that they had never joined in the first place.† This quotation shows that Cal is scared of Crilly and Skeffington (members of the IRA) and that he is in danger. It also shows that Cal never wanted to take part in the violence – making it sound stupid that they would shoot him. This whole section shows that Cal is vunerable. The writer makes out that Robert is a hard working loving man throughout the story. For example, when Marcella is telling Cal about her husband: â€Å"He was so plausible – one of those people that everybody likes in company.† This quote shows that Robert was popular and was a worthy man, and there is also evidence showing that â€Å"he was witty and intelligent†. However, we later find out that he was not all what he was meant to have been, as Marcella confesses to Cal: â€Å"He told lies, Cal. All the time. About his affairs I know he had two or three at least – about his drinking and the money he spent† This is an example of how the characters have both good and bad characteristics. Despite this, Marcella still loved him and was distraught when he was murdered. This also makes the characters more realistic, which lets the reader relate to the different characters in â€Å"Cal†. It also creates the question of ‘who was too blame for The Troubles’ which relates to the theme and purpose of the novel, which I will be discussing later in this essay. All of the characters are affected by the troubles as well, as most of their problems are due to that situation. For example, if it was not for the troubles, then Cal would not have been involved with the IRA and Robert wouldn’t have been murdered, taking problems out of all of the characters lives. All of the characters’ features reflect the themes, such as Cal’s characteristic of being vunerable, leading to his self loathing and guilt. There are many themes in the novel ‘Cal’. One of these themes that I will be focusing on is the theme of hypocrisy. Hypocrisy means the pretence of possessing virtues, beliefs or qualities that one does not really have, especially in matters of religion or morality. One way in which the author displays this theme is via specific characters, such as Crilly. Crilly is part of a gang who are fighting for independence from Great Britain. For example, when Skeffington is talking about Crilly: â€Å"There are not many aspects of our culture which interests Mr Crilly. But he’s a useful man.† This quote shows that Crilly does not care about Irish independence and culture but is only in the gang as he likes the thrill of violence. It also shows that the IRA are not offended about his beliefs – but just want him to help with their struggle. This shows them being hypocritical as they kill people who do not believe or reject their views, but someone who does not care about Irish independence can help with the violence. Another way in which hypocrisy is showing is through thoughts of characters and their dialogue. This is taking from a part where Dunlop (Cal’s Protestant employer) is talking to Cal about the situation in Northern Ireland: â€Å"Would you do the same to the Loyalist prisoners every time a Catholic was murdered?† Dunlop thinks that for any Protestant policeman who is murdered by a Catholic, two Catholics should be shot. This quotes shows that Dunlop is a hypocrite as he would shoot two Catholics every time a Protestant policeman was murdered but not if it was the other way around. This also shows that Dunlop is a bigot, which ties in with my next theme, bigotry. A bigot is a person who is obstinately or intolerantly devoted to their own religion, or opinion. Bigotry is the main cause of fear and violence in the story. One night, Cal and his father receive a note stating: â€Å"GET OUT YOU FENYAN SCUM OR WE’LL BURN YOU OUT. THIS IS YOUR 2ND WARNING, THERE WILL BE NO OTHER UVF† This clearly diplays pure bigotry. Cal and his father are being threatened to leave their home of many years, just because of their religion. This quote also shows how ignorant the UVF are, as they have spelt â€Å"fenyan† wrongly. This leads to Cal and his father being fearful, for example: â€Å"†¦Shamie was putting the gun beneath his pillow and climbing into bed† This shows that Cal’s father has to keep a weapon underneath his pillow as there is a constant threat of violence. Another theme which has been cleverly developed is the theme of guilt. Cal feels guilty about his involvement in the killing of Robert, which leads to his self-loathing. At the start of the novel, the writer makes this very obvious: â€Å"Merde. Crotte de chein. Merderer.† Cal hates himself so much, that he makes up words to describe himself. The word â€Å"merderer† has a possible two meanings; it shows that he is guilty and secondly it shows his self loathing. As he becomes more and more involved with Marcella, his guilt increases: â€Å"Now that he felt safe from the world outside he was being attacked from within his own head† This quote is taken from the section where he is living and working with Marcella. It shows that guilt is eating him up and is destroying him and his life. The author also uses writing techniques to convey the theme of guilt: â€Å"It was as if idleness had allowed dirt to accumulate on his [Cal] soul, to clog his mind, and work moved him through it untouched† Mac Laverty uses this metaphor to show how Cal was brooding over Morton’s death and his involvement. It also shows that he thinks that he deserves to go to hell for what he has done. When Marcella tells Cal about what Robert was really like, it complicates his guilt as he now knows that Robert sometimes brought misery to Marcella, and maybe it was good that Robert was murdered. All of these themes show the writer’s purpose in writing. He shows bad and good sides to both Protestant and Catholic organisations, leading to us to wonder which is the good side in the novel. The story also shows us how difficult and violent Northern Ireland was at that time in history, and how deeply everybody was affected. To an extent, the way the author writes also shows aspects of him being a bit ashamed of his country, due to the negative details and feelings he writes about. Mac Laverty uses a range of techniques to create the mood and atmosphere in the novel. One of these techniques, is his use of imagery. The story starts with this mood with the author describing the scenes taking place in an abattoir: â€Å"It was immediately winched up by one of the hind shanks and its throat cut† The author uses a lot of violence and blood imagery at the start of the novel to set the tone of the book. Other evidence which shows this use of evidence is that there are a lot of deaths and murders mentioned in the novel. An example of this is when Cal and his father are watching the news and the author describes the events that had happened, which were mainly murders and violence, in a way which seemed to be normal. Death permeates the novel as does religion. There are often references to the Bible and to religious symbols throughout the novel. Symbolism is another technique that Mac Laverty uses. There is also symbolism to certain fairytales, such as when Marcella is talking to Cal about her daughter, Lucy: â€Å"Lucy’s favourite story at the minute is Repunzel† This is significant as Marcella feels like she is trapped because she tries to do the right thing. The plot has been structured in a sophisticated way. The story has two climaxes: one in the middle and the other at the end. The first one occurs when the writer tells you about the death of Robert. This is significant as there is a huge tension built up before you find out. The author does this via short clues which are spread out throughout the novel and short sentences. The second climax is done in a similar way, but the paragraph in which it concludes, is quick and snappy and tells of only the most significant point, which is Cal being arrested. The dialogue of the novel is very realistic. The author does this by using Irish forms of slang, such as ‘da’ instead of dad, and explicit language. The writer also uses great techniques to enhance his writing: â€Å"His sin clawed at him, demanding attention† The writer personifies the idea of the sin, describing the feeling of it clawing, to give the idea of Cal’s guilt and how is is destroying him and is eating him up. The verb ‘clawing’ is associated with violence and adds to the imagery that the author uses to enhance his novel and to create the atmosphere. I thoroughly enjoyed reading ‘Cal’. It made me realise how lives can be ruined due to situations which do not even involve them. The themes of the novel also made me more aware about some people’s views and how they can sometimes be full of violence and hatred. It showed me what life was like in Ireland in those days and how we have to try to avoid anything so destructive from happening again.

Classical Economics

Classical Economics Classical economics is one of the main theories of economics, besides Keynesian economics, although classical economics is considered the first school of thought in economics, probably only due to timing. Although others have contributed ideas and theories to the classical school of thought, Adam Smith is the person behind the Classical economics school of thought. The Classical economics theory teaches and is based on the idea that the economy can stabilize and run effectively on its own, without any type of assistance. There are three basic assumptions of Classical Economists theories. One is that all prices must be susceptible to flexibility downward just as easily as upward. This is proven not to be the case for downward prices because of factors such as laws or unions. Another assumption is what is called, â€Å"Say’s Law†. This law preaches that â€Å"supply creates its own demand†. However, this is also proven to not work effectively because in most economies today production is based on demand not the other way around. The third assumption is that the savings of every consumer should match their investment. This, we all know from experience, not to be the case. Classical economics believes the economy is a type of self- correcting mechanism and needs no assistance or intervention to function effectively. Unemployment in an economy is considered to be a temporary disequilibrium due to excess labor at the current wage rate. Also, whenever wages are high, Classical economics points out that there are always more people willing to work at that ongoing rate and this is what they name as unemployment. Furthermore, if the economy is a Classical one, wages are perfectly flexible, so this would cause the wage rate to fall. This would, in turn, rid the excess labor available and reduce the unemployment back to equilibrium levels. This is how Classical economics believes an economy is the perfect solution. It relies on the idea that employers will always act in their own best interest. But, by doing so they will also help the economy. When employees are still available at a lower price, he will have no incentive or reason to pay them more. He will then adjust the wage lower and still be promoting for the overall benefit of its society without any extra effort. The Classical economy school of thought also teaches that the commodities markets will also always be in equilibrium because of flexible prices. It believes that if the supply is high with adequate demand, the situation is temporary. Just like when producers adjust their prices lower to lure a consumer into buying it when it has not sold, the prices for the commodity, also, lower down to match the demand and supply, thus once again, bringing the situation back to an equilibrium level. Capital Markets are no exception for Classical economics. In the classical economics school of thought, no human intervention is required to lead the capital markets to equilibrium as well. Classical economics theorize if savings exceed investment, the interest rates fall and equilibrium follows. Contrary, if savings fall short of investments, the interest rates will rise and once again reach equilibrium, with help from that invisible hand. One potential problem with the classical theories is that Say’s law may not be true. This could happen because not all the income earned goes towards consumption, misinterpreting the missing potential demand which will cause a dis-equilibrium. When supply falls short of effective demand like this, several problems can arise. For example, producers reduce their production, employees are laid off, wages decrease, thus leading consumers with less income, this will have a downward spiral. Classical Economists believe that what occurred to the savings is what started the problem and is where the solution lies. They believe all that is needed is for the savings to go in as investments. This will then allow the interest rates to adjust and bring equilibrium to the economy once again. But, once again, are our savings actually invested? Sadly, mine are not. Nonetheless, Classical economists argue all these solutions could work with no government intervention. Furthermore, they argue government intervention would actually hurt an economy in the long run. In conclusion, the Classical economics school of thought hold that Say’s law proves â€Å"costs of output are always covered in the aggregate by the sale-proceeds resulting from demand†. Also, Classical economists explain how the theory of the invisible hand is far more effective than any government intervention, with no monetary policy during an economic crisis. With Classical economics, the long run is targeted for an economy’s successful growth, leaving short run losses to be tackled at a later date. Classical economists believed investments did not hurt an economy in any way but will actually help because of their fluctuating ability. There are contradictions to any theory, but most can agree on the idea that the future expectations of any economy will affect its consumers. We will inevitably use our human instincts of survival and attempt to do what we think is best for our and our loved ones’ survival regardless of what we think is the best thing to do in â€Å"the long run† for our economy’s growth and stability.

How to Make Colored Flowers

How to Make Colored Flowers Its easy to make your own colored flowers, especially carnations and daisies, but there are a couple of tricks that help ensure great results. Heres how you do it. Tips Materials: Light-colored flowers, food coloring, waterConcepts Illustrated: Evaporation, cohesion, xylem, capillary actionTime Required: Few hours to a dayExperience Level: Beginner Colored Flower Materials Fresh flowers, preferably white - Dont use wilted flowers since they might not be able to absorb water well. Good choices include daisies and carnations.Food coloringWarm water You can use other colors of flowers besides white. Just keep in mind the final color of the flower will be a mix of the nature pigments in the flower and the dye. Also, many flower pigments are pH indicators, so you can simply change the color of some flowers by putting them into water with baking soda (a base) or lemon juice/vinegar (common weak acids). Make Colored Flowers Trim the stems of your flowers so they arent excessively long.Make a slanted cut at the base of the stem under water. The cut is slanted so that the stem wont sit flat on the bottom of the container. A flat cut can prevent the flower from taking in water. Make the cut underwater to prevent air bubbles from forming in the tiny tubes at base of the stem, which would prevent water/color from being drawn up.Add food coloring to a glass. Youre looking at about 20-30 drops of food coloring per half cup of warm water. Warm water will be taken more readily than cold water.Set the damp stem of the flower in the colored water. The petals should become colored after a few hours. It may take as long as 24 hours, however, depending on the flower.You can set the colored flowers in plain water or flower preservative, but they will continue to drink water, changing the pattern of the color over time. Getting Fancy You can slit the stem up the middle and put each side in a different color to get bi-colored flowers. What do you think you will get if you put half of the stem in blue dye and half in yellow dye? What do you think will happen if you take a colored flower and put its stem in dye of a different color? How It Works A few different processes are involved in plant drinking or transpiration. As water evaporates from flowers and leaves, the attractive force between water molecules called cohesion pulls more water along. Water is pulled up through tiny tubes (xylem) that run up a plants stem. Although gravity might want to pull the water back down toward the ground, water sticks to itself and these tubes. This capillary action keeps water in the xylem in much the same way as water stays in a straw when you suck water through it, except evaporation and biochemical reactions provide the initial upward pull.

History of the Electric Blanket

History of the Electric Blanket The first crude electric blanket was invented in the early 1900s. The heated bed coverings bore little resemblance to the electric blankets we are familiar with today. They were big and bulky heating devices that were dangerous to use, and the blankets were really considered an oddity. An inventor called S.I. Russell patented an electric blanket and some consider him the inventor of the modern electric blanket. Use in Sanitariums In 1921, electric blankets started receiving more attention after being regularly used in tuberculosis sanitariums. Tuberculosis patients were routinely prescribed lots of fresh air, which included sleeping outdoors. The blankets were used to keep the patients warm. When any product comes to public attention, attempts to improve design begins and the electric blanket was no exception. Thermostat Control In 1936, the first automatic, electric blanket was invented. It had a separate thermostat control which automatically turned on and off, in response to room temperature. The thermostat also served as a safety device, turning off if hot spots in the blanket occurred. Later, thermostats were wired into the blankets and multiple thermostats were used. This basic design remained until 1984 when thermostats-free electric blankets were introduced. Warming Pads Heated Quilts That in 1946 the first automatic electric blanket went on sale in the US for $39.50, but the term electric blanket was not used until the 1950s- prior to that, these blankets used to be called warming pads or heated quilts Todays electric blankets can respond to both room and body temperatures. The blankets can even send more heat to your cold feet and less to your torso.

Life experience that influenced my self-esteemation Essay

Life experience that influenced my self-esteemation - Essay Example Friends are known to have the power to change one’s perception towards him or herself through the manner in which they treat a person. In this light, jealousy would be the best word to describe the state my friends put me in by being polite at numerous instances while I, on the other hand, remained strong at few moments only. As a result, this made me the underdog amongst all my friends, meaning that of them all, I was the most disadvantaged, thus, was obviously picked at for this reason. Oftentimes, friends work as a yardstick against which one evaluates him or herself in relation to success and self-worth. The manner in which they treated me was only to their own benefit, which ruined my sense of self-worth all the more. These treatments make people face difficulties in socializing with others due to lack of confidence in actions to the point of missing out some crucial stages of life. In this case, in order to overcome the whole ordeal of diminished self-esteem, success was the key and this experience taught me that friends would only treat an individual in the way he or she allows them. The experience of beating my friends at their own game in a music competition was the deal breaker, where my friends and I had formed a band to compete in a local town event, where we had to outperform other local bands. In an attempt to put the blame on me in case we lost, or so I perceived, I was put on the lead guitar in spite of my lack of proficiency in the task at hand. The b and went on stage to the joy of the crowd, and the performance began with all the electric guitars playing to tune, mine included. The crowd was overjoyed with the performance and the band at large due to the coordination of music making. Off the stage, my friends/band mates were surprised at how well I had performed making them embarrassed at their behavior towards me and the flop in their plan. My friends shared in the achievement though half-heartedly and congratulated me in disbelief of my splendid performance. Drawing from this experience, I discovered the potential I held inside to make myself a better person, and for my own development. This success acted as a massive confidence boost, from which I quit playing a secondary role to my friends and saved me from the burden of handling all the cold and mocking attitudes coming from my â€Å"friends.† In addition, it proved to them that I could do even beyond that which I had thought to the surprise of everyone, including m yself. This experience was significant in my life, in relation to making choices from the subsequent events after the music competition. This is because it molded my attitude to be that of winning and doing better by heightening my sense of self-worth. This stemmed from the positive thoughts and feelings that I felt towards myself, which rescued me from a state of self-pity. From then on, I chose my thoughts carefully to suit a positive life attitude and positive practices to match it. In addition, I have learnt to choose my friends wisely based on their treatment of their prior friends, rather than being an experimental friend to be shoved all over the place for their own pleasure. Furthermore, I have learnt the truth about friendship and its aspects in relation to staying true to yourself but not attempting to fit in order to gain recognition. The

Acer Group Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Acer Group - Essay Example When Stan Shih founded the Acer group of companies in 1976 it was more than obvious that the firm was bound to take some huge strides with this celebrated founder who made news worldwide by commercialising Taiwan's initial desktop calculatorToday Acer boasts of commendable rankings in the industry by being No. 4 in the Personal Computer market, No. 3 in the market for notebooks and No. 3 as a computer manufacturer in the face of huge competitors like Sony and others. Stan is about to retire in three years and Acer has suffered a loss of $29 million in the PC industry so Stan has diverted his expertise and attention towards making the company even more competitive in order to give it a strong foundation of support after he retires. Aspire is a large brand for Acer under which they have produced a number of technological products in the world. Aspire has had problems during the development stage whereas if these problems were dealt with proficiently then this brand would have had a tru ly aspiring brand image. Acer and Stan need to focus on the leverage points namely; efficiency (economies of scale and comparative advantage globally), knowledge leverage (strategic use of human resources and ideas on a global platform) and responsiveness (to embrace local consumer demands) (Bartlett & Ghoshal; 1989).Stan must disapprove Aspire's continued development because it is important to a put a halt to further developments in order to study the current problems it's facing. The existing discrepancies must be removed in order to develop further otherwise the problems might become deep rooted and also fatal. It is important to climb the first few steps of a ladder efficiently without being in danger of falling down and getting hurt before reaching the top. Acer faced problems during the development of Aspire and these problems still exist. Acer is a large multinational operating in Asia, Europe, and America etc. Obviously, the company has regional departments in these countrie s and in order to maintain a strong brand image in the market a common goal, strategy and communication strategy are required. Acer lacks these and due this they faced problems in positioning themselves as a strong brand when it comes to Aspire. It is important for all regional offices around the world to share a similar spirit of growth, values, standards, communication strategies etc in order to take mutual decisions as a company on the whole and not just as a regional office. Aspire has a number of brand extensions and product types being sold under one brand name and the company has not been able to position each extension with a common goal or insight in mind. Aspire is known to be a very adaptable brand since it has been changed to suit the consumer demands for every different region in a different way. This has caused major brand identity problems for Acer and Aspire. The same brand under Aspire has been positioned to be a luxurious and elite brand in Singapore and the opposi te in Europe. But it also shows that Aspire is doing a good job when it comes to responsiveness in the leverage points. This has weakened the brand equity for Aspire and has resulted in brand dilution. This shows that a strong corporate culture is absent in Acer and this results in a weak brand image and positioning for any company or brand because then customers do not know how to relate with the brand. All the regional departments and offices are working on their own values and standards to fit the culture, demand or society of the region. Due to the lack of a strong organisational culture it is evident that synergism is absent and the company is leaving loopholes for failures. All these problems must be looked into and it is important for Stan and Acer to come up with a solution before approving any further developments for Aspire.

Managing Internationally across Business Systems Assignment

Managing Internationally across Business Systems - Assignment Example In this context, ACR engages a sort of a specific as well as a discrete financial transaction. It is regarded as a contract that is related to expected capabilities of mankind that enhances the trading activities between the involved parties at every possible occasion. The contract possesses certain vital rules that are quite normative in nature as well as settlements amid the involved parties that assist them to make a particular economic transaction successful. On the other hand, OCR signifies the engagement of contracts economically on the basis of trading of services and goods. In OCR, the transactions of activities between two parties take place without any initial settlements of conditions in order to perform trade. It has been apparently observed that transactional dependence is quite lower in the case of ACR owing to the reason that both buyer and sellers are competing with one another in trading activities by taking into concern certain major aspects that include economies o f scale and cost of transaction among others. The terms as well as the conditions of the contracts within the circumstance of ACR are written and substantive in nature and takes place with varieties of procedures such as bidding and negotiation (Sako, 1992). In case of OCR, the buyers are observed to provide securities to limited suppliers. Moreover, the bidding process might not take place in OCR due to higher transactional dependence between the buyers and the sellers. The suppliers within the background of OCR tend to begin necessary activities based on oral communication with the parties prior to the attainment of the written orders (Sako, 1992). 1. Advantages and Disadvantages With regard to determine the advantages as well as the disadvantages of the particular sub-contracting system relating to the case of Tombow, it can be stated that the pencil company typically follows the sub-contracting system of ACR (Harvard Business School, 1993). Advantages The advantages of the parti cular sub-contracting system i.e. ACR relating to the case of Tombow can be identified in the form of outsourcing of products that can be considered as a chief determinant for the company. One of the significant advantages of ACR that can be recognized in the case is that it facilitated the company towards reducing manufacturing costs and made the company to pay much more emphasize upon minimizing the expenditures related to marketing as well as sales promotion and product development among others. These facets ultimately made Tombow to sell quality products in the business markets at a cheaper rate. Moreover, development in various products of the company and avoiding delays in delivery periods can also be considered the other decisive advantages of the sub-contracting system i.e. ACR in the case of Tombow. In relation to outsourcing of products, the risk of competition also gets reduced as the suppliers depend largely upon the business as well as the export markets of a company su ch as Tombow due to the effect of the

How motivation theories help elicit effort from employees

How motivation theories help elicit effort from employees For a company to successfully run, company should come up with creative ideas and high efficiency of the work, and to do that, a firm should be able to motivate each worker of the firm to elicit each of their discretionary effort. It is because, it directly links with the total wage spending of the company which should be linked to outcome and cost of monitoring effort and considering all of those making employees willing to work will result in greater efficiency of the company. Employees are the core or the main body of all the production of product and service. So how can a company which does not even satisfy their own workers will possibly satisfy the customers with high quality product and service?() Therefore, there is an idea weighing on the management style of of the workers, by the workers, for the workers'(). Following to above management style, manager of big companies are developing or considering variety motivating techniques and motivation theories. So firms not only needs deal fast with each of their own fast-changing environment but also concentrate to create best working condition for the workers to maximize motivation. Like firms mentioned above with motivation, they are nimble to listen to the claims of the employees. They apply techniques like project team-work, performance-linked pay and incentives to reach perfect inner-service to the workers. So, like above, there is gaining importance of giving motivation to workers. In this essay, I will search and study theories of motivation and look in to detail of successful firm Nokia and analyze this firm by doing it so, I would like to find out the meaning of motivation and how well those managers of Nokia have elicited discretionary effort from workers for the company. Theory Maslows Hierarchy of Needs theory Most famous is Abraham Maslows hierarchy of needs theory. He believed that there is 5 level of hierarchy of needs exist within human nature. (A.H. Maslow, A Theory of Human Motivation, Psychological Review 50(4) (1943):370-96) Physiological Needs It is simply most basic needs for human to survive. Things like needs of oxygen for breathe, fulfillment of hunger, thirst, sex and sleep. They are the biological needs which are most essential, it comes front of all the desires that human would want. Safety Needs When physiological needs are fulfilled, the needs of security are followed. Human should fill sense of safety of their own health, employment, property and resources. Those factors make them feeling safe. Needs of Love/Belonging Human is social animal, when the front two needs are filled, third need can become dominant. Human nature always seeks for the sense of belonging and love/friendship. Maslow describes people seek to overcome feelings of loneliness and alienation (Maslow, Abraham (1954). Motivation and Personality. New York: Harper). Needs for Esteem When the first three needs reach to satisfactory level, the needs for esteem can become next. It is like self-esteem and respect from others. When these self-esteem and respect is gratified, the person feels confident and valuable as a part of person in a society. Deficiency of those needs would make a person feels weak, inferior and nothing. Needs for Self-Actualization When each level of foregoing needs is fully satisfied, then the last level of needs self-actualization is activated. According to Maslow, self-actualization is what a persons need to be what they are born to do. There is a famous quote by Maslow, Abraham H. A musician must make music, an artist must paint, a poet must write, if they are to be ultimately at peace with themselves. These needs make people to feel progressing, reach-potential and self-fulfillment. (Psychology The Search for Understanding by Janet A. Simons, Donald B. Irwin and Beverly A. Drinnien West Publishing Company, New York, 1987) By observing hierarchy of needs, each level tends to be satisfied to progress on next level of hierarchy. However, from the point of giving motivation view, none of those desires or needs could not been perfectly satisfied. Maslow theory describes that somehow-satisfied need could not stimulate the people any longer. >> How hierarchy of needs Theory could be used in management According to Maslow, if someone wants to motivate somebody, there is a need of understanding what that specific person wants and find out where his or her need is located in hierarchy of needs and provide the upper level of hierarchy. Adamss Equity Theory Adams, J.S. 1965. Inequity in social exchange. Adv. Exp. Soc. Psychol. An individual always do compare himself to others. Lets say, an individual got offer of 2500 pound per month and he thinks it is very good deal and took the job, he will do his job with passion and he will be satisfied with his work. However, if someone else or his acquaintance gets the same job with 3000 pounds with same as his ability/work time/contribution, probably he will not be happy about his earning and job. Even if he was satisfied with his earnings in the beginning, as soon as he feels that its not fair or equal treatment, the matter that he gets good paid it will not consider him much, but rather obsessed with others payment. The problem is that individual starts to think comparatively and starts to believe it is not fair. An individual always compare within his mind and think about the effort he put in and the reward. By doing so, if an individual thinks that he is not fairly treated, the input effort will be directly affected (demotivated). Above examples idea is called Equity Theory and it was developed by Stacey Adams in 1965. It is simply, an individual comparing his input-reward and others input-reward proportion. For an employee to compare himself in equity theory, the referent is important variable. There are three types of referent system, self and other. For system, the referent is the system of individuals belonged organization. Individual will take wage structures, wage policy and decision-making process into the consideration. Also, organization will need to make important decision with organizations system to an individual as a comparison to others. Putting self as a comparison referent, result ration of input will be referenced to individual. This is reflected by ones experience or standard wage or family maintenance-need allowance. Equity theory is not only interested in absolute reward, it also has interest in others reward. An individual do compare others input-reward, founding on effort, experience, education, and ability over their wage level, promotion and recognition. If an individual feels unfair and inequitable over reward ration of input, this feeling will make him/her to experience tension. This tension will continually provide motivation until he/she is treated in equity to him. >> How Equity Theory could be used in management Monthly paid employees will enhance quality and quantity to feel the fairness with tension and increase input factor for fair wage proportion. When compensation is made with Production quantity, over-rewarded worker will have lower quality but higher quantity just to increase their income. However, an individual who receive payment founding on price ratio will increase in effort to accomplish fairness and this will lead to increase in quantity and quality. But, this might result in excess payment and unfairness. Therefore, managers should direct employees to enhancing in quality rather than quantity. Also motivation is influenced by not only absolute reward but also relative reward. Each time when employee feels that s/he is unfairly treated, it will follow an action to fix about that inequity, like improved or diminished productivity or quality, absence and turnover. Therefore, it is most important factor to make employees to feel in equity in equity theory. >> Vrooms expectancy theory Most comprehensive explanation about motivation is performed within Victer Vrooms Expectancy Theory. Expectancy theory is well described by Montana (Montana Patrick J; Charnov, Bruce H, Management 4th edition; (2008) Barrons Educational Series, Inc.), This theory emphasizes the needs for organizations to relate rewards directly to performance and to ensure that the rewards provided are those rewards deserved and wanted by the recipients. The expectancy theory suggest that action is followed the expectation from the result and the amount of effort is decided by how attractive the result is to an individual himself. Below, there are three linkages with this theory. Effort-performance linkage: Possibility of reward expected by putting certain amount of effort. Performance-reward linkage: Beliefs which expect right reward will be given by doing certain level of performance. Attractiveness: a persons target and desire of potential result or reward which could be obtained by doing his job successfully. All explanations seem similar, but simply there are three points. First, how much an individual should work for certain level of outcome and whether that outcome is possibly achieved. Second, what will be the reward for doing such work? Third, how attractive the reward is from the effort of doing such work and how does this job help with goal achievement? à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ « Applying Expectancy Theory How Expectancy Theory could be applied? For to link with motivation, I will example myself and try to find out how this theory used. Most of students have preference on professors or lecturer expecting for something that they would like to learn from the course unit. They would like to know when the exam will be, what kind of assignment they need to do and how much percentage will be taken to get maximum grade or how much amount of time will going to be needed, and think logically about whether this course is linked with what they need. Lets say that I feel in the way above. I liked this course unit and worked really hard to get good mark on this essay. I have prepared for long time for this and believed that this will be helpful when I graduate and get good job or get into master course. Then, result came out, my average score of all the course units were 72 percent, however, this specific course was 41 percent. And I got angry and frustrated. Like other assignments, I prepared exact amount of time and put effort, but how could only this specific unit gets such a low score? From here there will be some interesting facts will be coming out. Suddenly, he (I, from others perspective from now on) will be constantly missing this unit course lecture and do not revise. Even if he attends the lecture concentration for this course is hugely dropped. So, we could say that his motivation is lacking with the related subject. Why did he change? To explain this using motivation theory term; At the beginning, the merit of good grade (Effort-performance linkage) was high. However, the result was not good (Performance-reward linkage). In other words, if the assignment was fairly graded based on what he did and got good score, the Performance-reward linkage is satisfied and it would have motivated him more. However, if he is demotivated, it is from his belief that his knowledge was not incongruous with fair grading system. >> How Expectancy Theory could be used in management First, Expectancy Theory emphasizes on pay and reward. As a result, organization should believe that employees also want the same reward and compensate. This kind of perspective is from egoism that an employee pursuit expected-satisfaction to be maximized. So that manager needs to try to fulfill that expected-satisfaction wisely. Second, theory points up understanding of attractiveness by the workers. Employees will want to be treated reasonably with positive result/target/outcome they expected. Therefore, the firm should try to satisfy employees attractiveness. Third, theory highlights on expected performance. Does an individual understands what is expected on s/he and how could it be compensated. If workers do not grasp the point of this relation, the ultimate goal of organization will be never met. So, this is essential to make both manager and workers to understand clear of performance-reward relation. Last, theory relates with perception. No matter what actually happens, a persons perception decides level of effort according from not objective result but from performance, reward and goal achievement. Therefore, there is a need for continuous feedback to match the reality and perception of workers. Case Study  ¿Ã‚ ­ What is Nokia? Nokia is a Finnish multinational network corporation is headquartered in Keilaniemi, Espoo (Nokia in brief (2007) (PDF). Nokia Corporation. March 2008.) Nokias main industry is in the manufacturing of mobile devices and in converging Internet and communications industries, with 128,445 employees in 120 countries, sales in more than 150 countries and global annual revenue of EUR 50.7 billion and operating profit of 5.0 billion in 2008. It is the worlds largest manufacturer of mobile phones: its global device market share is approximately 38% in 2009, (Q3 2009: Quarterly and annual information. Nokia Corporation. 2009-10-15) The Nokia brand, valued at $34.9 billion, is listed as the fifth most valuable global brand in the BusinessWeek, Best Global Brands list of 2009 (first in non-US Company). It is the number one brand in Asia (as of 2007) and Europe. Also Nokia is the 42nd most admirable company worldwide in Fortunes Worlds Most Admired Companies list of 2009, and the worlds 85th largest company as measured by revenue in Fortune Global 500 list of 2009. (Fortune Global 500 2009. Fortune. 2009-07-14.) Nokias Case study for motivation Incentive Program  ¿Ã‚ ­ Monetary Incentives: work performance wage structure, Global bonus plan (when profit exceeded 20%, 5% cash payback), production and researchers incentives.  ¿Ã‚ ­ Non-monetary performance bonus system and Complete and Fair Assessment Nokia motivates employees by providing rewards according to their performance. However, its hard to see that they only motivated people with monetary returns, Non-monetary performance bonus system also help to motivate workers. Things like promotions and possibility to self-development will help and also a clear and fair system for this is needed. Nokia is not in seniority system, there was a case 34 years old man became vice president by his ability. Nokia tried to achieve highest level of work satisfaction. 2. Empowerment organization  ¿Ã‚ ­ Allowing autonomy, leads to motivation Bureaucratic chain of command provides high efficiency, but this has disadvantage of blocking creative ideas coming up from bottom line of workers. And this is one of the factors blocking motivation. Exampling Nokia, they allow significant amount of autonomous decision to workers. This provides sense of belonging to a company and people feel that they are taking part for companys profit. This leads to motivation of workers due to Maslows hierarchy of needs theory (sense of belonging). Case: Nokia immediately supported 6,000,000 dollars for the marketing for Pacific-Asia market as they received idea of competition going harsh in China. 3. Project manager system Technology, marketing, production and salesman unites as one team and work for 1-2 years for specific project and managers for the project are empowered like chairman in that specific project; this stimulates workers as it has venture business attributes. Nokia has number of small projects teams. Those groups decide everything like estimated budgets too. This gives power to agilely response to market changes. 4. Human resource development program Providing self-developing opportunities to employees / Maximizing self-development and self-actualization at work Human resource is crucial factor for economical production in industry f like Nokia with high knowledge and technology. Competitive power is human resources. Modern employees tend to think a company as not only place for earning-money but also as place for self-actualization. Therefore, a company with no self-development lacks power to attract more human resources (Attractiveness, Vrooms expectancy theory). So, firms should provide more opportunities and sense of duty of the company like Nokias human resource development program.(In Nokia, they value employees through 180 inspections list, helps to find out each workers adaptation-skill and decision-making skills in five levels. By doing so, it tells what that employee needs in specific details and gives job according to it and provide staff training service) and they also provided for experience improvement program by going around world branches. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ » Based on Nokias motivation system, 19% of market share in mobile technology in 1999, increased up to 35% in 2001. Also, total sales were increased 48% leaving total profit 56% higher. Matthew J. (1996), à £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…’Future management (à «Ã‚ ¯Ã‚ ¸Ãƒ «Ã… ¾Ã‹Å"à ªÃ‚ ²Ã‚ ½Ãƒ ¬Ã‹Å" ) 11à £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , Dae-kyung publishing company. Nokia homepage http://www.nokia.com à £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…’Analyzing Nokias successà £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  From www.hunet.co.kr Conclusion Managers tend to think that talented-employees turnover is cause by higher financial reward from other company. However, many of employees turnover reasons are like vision-realization, challenging to new work, harmony of both life and work, higher opportunity of recognition and flexibility of culture and organization. These kinds of reasons suggest that motivation is not only from financial issues but also from Non-monetary issues like mentioned above. I believe what employees consider most is winning recognition from their bosses about work-performance. If this is not done, its evitable to demotivate workers. In this contrast, Nokia has well understood workers, with fair assessment; they have suggested sense of duty to their workers for the company and made them feel as important part of Nokia. As conclusion Nokia got grater profit and it can be said that Nokia has successfully motivated their employees. Those kinds of techniques of motivation are all founded from the theories of Ma slow, Adams and Vroom and Nokia successfully adopted in reality.